Use dynamic SQL if you need to execute any of these types of statements within a PL/SQL block. Consider the following example. You may not always know the full text of the SQL statements that must be executed in a PL/SQL procedure. For example, the following procedure adds an office location: The following procedure deletes an office location: The EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement can perform dynamic single-row queries. To accommodate the large amount of data in the data warehouse efficiently, you create a new table every quarter to store the invoice information for the quarter. Here is the code you can use. If you use C/C++, you can develop applications that use dynamic SQL with the Oracle Call Interface (OCI), or you can use the Pro*C/C++ precompiler to add dynamic SQL extensions to your C code. Native dynamic SQL does not have a DESCRIBE facility. In such cases, you should use dynamic SQL. The DBMS_SQL package is based on a procedural API and, as a result, incurs high procedure call and data copy overhead. So, if the length of 'insert into ' exceeds 255, the query will fail. Oracle8i SQL Reference for information about DDL and SCL statements. However, with the introduction of native dynamic SQL in PL/SQL, many of the drawbacks to using PL/SQL for dynamic SQL are now eliminated. If you have this type of application, consider moving the dynamic SQL functionality to stored procedures and stored functions in PL/SQL that use native dynamic SQL. Thanks Tom, But I am not planning to move data using that script. Native dynamic SQL only supports a RETURNING clause if a single row is returned. see above, read everything you can about dbms_sql and write code. Statement preparation typically involves parsing, optimization, and plan generation. or build the string 'select * from ' || table (being careful to avoid sql injection of course, but that is another discussion), problem comes when you fetch those values into variables. In past releases of Oracle, the only way to implement dynamic SQL in a PL/SQL application was by using the DBMS_SQL package. The DBMS_SQL package supports SQL statements larger than 32KB; native dynamic SQL does not. Therefore, native dynamic SQL provides support for user-defined types, such as user-defined objects, collections, and REFs. The DBMS_SQL package is not as easy to use as native dynamic SQL. Following sample code can be used to generate insert statement. The DESCRIBE_COLUMNS procedure in the DBMS_SQL package can be used to describe the columns for a cursor opened and parsed through DBMS_SQL. Using native dynamic SQL, you can place dynamic SQL statements directly into PL/SQL blocks. In the PL/SQL User's Guide and Reference, native dynamic SQL is referred to simply as dynamic SQL. To process most native dynamic SQL statements, you use the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement. PREPARE turns a character string into a SQL statement, and EXECUTE executes that statement. Oracle8i Designing and Tuning for Performance for more information about using hints. This workaround enables you to realize the benefits of bulk SQL within a native dynamic SQL program. For example, it may be possible to determine the definition of the database tables at compilation, but not the names of the tables, because new tables are being generated periodically. For example, the following PL/SQL block contains a SELECT statement that uses the TABLE clause and native dynamic SQL: You can use dynamic SQL to create applications that execute dynamic queries, which are queries whose full text is not known until runtime. Of course, your performance gains may vary depending on your application. The following sections provide detailed information about the advantages of both methods. This chapter covers the following topics: Dynamic SQL enables you to write programs that reference SQL statements whose full text is not known until runtime. In PL/SQL, you cannot execute the following types of statements using static SQL: See Also: The DBMS_SQL package has programmatic interfaces to open a cursor, parse a cursor, supply binds, etc. There are number of workarounds which can be implemented to avoid this error. The offices table has the following definition: Multiple emp_location tables contain the employee information, where location is the name of city where the office is located. The performance of native dynamic SQL in PL/SQL is comparable to the performance of static SQL because the PL/SQL interpreter has built-in support for native dynamic SQL. You can specify bind variables in the USING clause and fetch the resulting row into the target specified in the INTO clause of the statement. You can create more general purpose, flexible applications by using dynamic SQL because the full text of a SQL statement may be unknown at compilation. After the initial parsing, the statement can be used multiple times with different sets of bind arguments. Many types of applications must interact with data that is generated periodically. The functionality is similar to the DESCRIBE command in SQL*Plus. You can even avoid PL-SQL and can do it using a simple SQL... Well - in two steps. Table 8-4 shows sample code that accomplishes this DML returning operation using the DBMS_SQL package and native dynamic SQL. Every call to the DBMS_SQL package from the client-side program translates to a PL/SQL remote procedure call (RPC); these calls occur when you need to bind a variable, define a variable, or execute a statement. However, using native dynamic SQL, you can write an extensible event dispatcher similar to the following: By using the invoker-rights feature with dynamic SQL, you can build applications that issue dynamic SQL statements under the privileges and schema of the invoker. Dynamic SQL is a programming technique that enables you to build SQL statements dynamically at runtime. -- Script to generate insert statement dynamically-- Written by HTH-- Improved by Zahirul Haque-- Aug. 29, 2012-----This script can be modified to use the insert statement only once for a table and use Select Union all. And of course, keep up to date with AskTOM via the official twitter account. Because these applications typically reside on clients, more network calls are required to complete dynamic SQL operations. However, you can use dynamic SQL to build a SQL statement in a way that optimizes the execution and/or concatenates the hints into a SQL statement dynamically. If it is, please let us know via a Comment. The following example includes a dynamic UPDATE statement that updates the location of a department when given the department number (deptnumber) and a new location (location), and then returns the name of the department: This example inserts a new row for which the column values are in the PL/SQL variables deptnumber, deptname, and location. Instead, bind my_deptno as a bind variable, as in the following example: Here, the same cursor is reused for different values of the bind my_deptno, thereby improving performance and scalabilty. There are many procedures and functions that must be used in a strict sequence. Similarly, if you use COBOL, you can use the Pro*COBOL precompiler to add dynamic SQL extensions to your COBOL code. I will not be having only 5 columns in all tables. For examples, see the DML examples in the "Examples of DBMS_SQL Package Code and Native Dynamic SQL Code" and "Sample DML Operation". Bulk SQL is the ability to process multiple rows of data in a single DML statement. See Oracle8i Migration for more information about the COMPATIBLE parameter. it does not handle single quote in the text field, and serveroutput for huge table. I made your example more interesting... but here is the framework. With dynamic SQL, a statement stored in a string variable can be issued. You only get what you ask for, you never said more than two.... ok, now I take it up to four tables - with overlapping sets of columns. please explain in detail how you are coming to the conclusion it did a commit?? Similarly, every time you execute a fetch, first the data is copied into the space managed by the DBMS_SQL package and then the fetched data is copied, one column at a time, into the appropriate PL/SQL variables, resulting in substantial overhead resulting from data copying. ----------------------------------------------. You can avoid this complexity by using native dynamic SQL instead. You may find situations where you need to create insert statement dynamically. Static SQL statements do not change from execution to execution. It uses all common-across-all-tables columns in join and merges the rows which shares common values. Oracle8i introduces native dynamic SQL, an alternative to the DBMS_SQL package. For example, the following procedure lists all of the employees with a particular job at a specified location: Oracle provides two methods for using dynamic SQL within PL/SQL: native dynamic SQL and the DBMS_SQL package. Dynamic SQL is a programming technique that enables you to build SQL statements dynamically at runtime. You can also catch regular content via Connor's blog and Chris's blog. There are a number of limitations to using this package, including performance concerns. For example, dynamic SQL lets you create a procedure that operates on a table whose name is not known until runtime. The ability to invoke dynamic PL/SQL blocks can be useful for application extension and customization where the module to be executed is determined dynamically at runtime. Many types of applications need to use dynamic queries, including: For examples, see "Query Example", and see the query examples in "A Dynamic SQL Scenario Using Native Dynamic SQL". Dynamic SQL programs can handle changes in data definition information, because the SQL statements can change "on the fly" at runtime. Eg: I am trying to do this for a table that has 5 columns in it. I pass in 2 parameters when calling the script, first the table name and second a name for the temp file on the unix box. These SQL statements may depend on user input, or they may depend on processing work done by the program. No - the insert comment is a SQL Developer/SQLcl feature. Typically, performing simple operations requires a large amount of code when you use the DBMS_SQL package. I have used very limited data-types in the solution (number, date and varchar2 only). Go on, give it a try! When Oracle runs SQL statements in parallel, multiple processes work together simultaneously to run a single SQL statement. The PARSE procedure in the DBMS_SQL package parses a SQL statement once. For information about calling Oracle stored procedures and stored functions from non-PL/SQL applications, refer to: A Dynamic SQL Scenario Using Native Dynamic SQL, Native Dynamic SQL vs. the DBMS_SQL Package, Application Development Languages Other Than PL/SQL, "Examples of DBMS_SQL Package Code and Native Dynamic SQL Code", "A Dynamic SQL Scenario Using Native Dynamic SQL", Oracle8i Designing and Tuning for Performance, Oracle8i Supplied PL/SQL Packages Reference, Oracle8i Java Stored Procedures Developer's Guide. This is a first draft of the script. Thanks a lot for the two different solutions. Your application needs to access the data, but there is no way to know the exact names of the tables until runtime. Tom,How do you create insert statments dynamically if I give a table name? Specifically, the following types of examples are presented: In general, the native dynamic SQL code is more readable and compact, which can improve developer productivity. The following native dynamic SQL procedure gives a raise to all employees with a particular job title: The EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement can perform DDL operations. The following examples illustrate the differences in the code necessary to complete operations with the DBMS_SQL package and native dynamic SQL. Also note that dbms_output is restricted to 255 characters. ... we take the number of columns that are common across all tables at the same. I get all those from all_tab_columns and can buid. It does not fully work if the number or xmltype columns are null but an addition of a decode around these should do the trick. Also it does not merge on the not-common-across-tables columns. You have 90% of what you need - seriously. For example, in the sample data warehouse application discussed in "What Is Dynamic SQL? These application development languages include C/C++, COBOL, and Java. You can use dynamic SQL to execute DML statements in which the exact SQL statement is not known until runtime. You can then call the PL/SQL stored procedures and stored functions from the application. For example, every time you bind a variable, the DBMS_SQL package copies the PL/SQL bind variable into its space for later use during execution. If the data definition changes, you must change and recompile the program. In addition, dynamic SQL lets you execute SQL statements that are not supported in static SQL programs, such as data definition language (DDL) statements. When using either native dynamic SQL or the DBMS_SQL package, you can improve performance by using bind variables, because using bind variables allows Oracle to share a single cursor for multiple SQL statements. In the past, the only way to use dynamic SQL in PL/SQL applications was by using the DBMS_SQL package. For example the out put looks like Insert into tbl_name Select c1,c2,c3,c4 union all Native dynamic SQL enables you to place dynamic SQL statements directly into PL/SQL code. a table can have 2 columns or three columns or n columns. This is called parallel execution or parallel processing. The following sections describe typical situations where you should use dynamic SQL and typical problems that can be solved by using dynamic SQL. The following function retrieves the number of employees at a particular location performing a specified job: The OPEN-FOR, FETCH, and CLOSE statements can perform dynamic multiple-row queries. Therefore, the performance of programs that use native dynamic SQL is much better than that of programs that use the DBMS_SQL package. This allows you to change the hints based on your current database statistics, without requiring recompilation. Before discussing dynamic SQL in detail, a clear definition of static SQL may provide a good starting point for understanding dynamic SQL. This is mainly incase a tester re-runs a script without backing up their data. The following example includes a dynamic query statement with one bind variable (:jobname) and two select columns (ename and sal): This example queries for employees with the job description SALESMAN in the job column of the emp table. I've recently being working on a script to be called from the main install script to create insert statements from data within a table before it is dropped. Programs that use the DBMS_SQL package make calls to this package to perform dynamic SQL operations. This scenario includes examples that show you how to perform the following operations using native dynamic SQL: The database in this scenario is a company's human resources database (named hr) with the following data model: A master table named offices contains the list of all company locations. Hi, we have a requirement that install scripts create a spool file of all the activities. seems that for an install script, it would be so much easier to. Bulk SQL improves performance by reducing the amount of context switching between SQL and the host language. The name of the handler is in the form EVENT_HANDLER_event_num, where event_num is the number of the event. 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Take the number of workarounds which can be directly fetched into PL/SQL blocks amount code!
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